Hawthorn Studies

In the early days, management thoughts had been the foundation and standards of the modern organizational structure. in general of management theory, there are four important areas, which we should consider carefully in the process of managing, such as Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management, Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Works experiments and the human relations movement, Max Weber's idealized bureaucracy, and Henri Fayol's views on administration. One of them, Hawthorn studies, until now, still getting attentions from many researchers about conditions and environments in workplaces, and top managers as well. George Elton Mayo, who was Australian and a lecturer at University of Queensland, University of Pennsylvania and Harvard Business School, was also an psychologist, sociologist. Knows as "father" of Human Relations Movement, Elton Mayo consistently did research about improving the productivity of the business, at same time improving workers welfare through motivation and good working relations. Mayo's research mainly focusing on the relationship between organizations' productivity with the treatment and co-working relationships given to workers. In history, most of Hawthorn Experiment was occurred at the Western Electric Company in Cicero, Illinois, US. Elton Mayo concluded that individual sense of belonging to a social group will increase productivity as compared to incentive policies or good working conditions. Through the experiments, they also concluded that individual attention; feeling involved and being made to feel important were main factors to increase the workers' productivity with the psychological stimulus. By this experiment, the emergence of team building was stood out, which plays a important role in establishing of modern organization. According to the Hawthorne Experiments, there are four areas of a work team that can affect productivity, like as relations between supervisors and workers, Working-group,

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