Compare and Contrast - Business Management

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• Compare and contrast how the managerial

In the mid-2000s, however, state and federal finances had softened again, as a consequence of revenue falls in the Great Recession. Unlike the federal government, states draw distinctions between operating budgets, which encompass the costs of running the business of government, and capital budgets, money used for longer-term projects such as investments in infrastructure. Consequently, state surpluses or deficits better reflect the match between current year revenues and expenditures than does the federal budget. Today only 19 states employ various forms of two-year budgets. States also vary in the extent to which they rely on county governments to deliver public goods and services, making comparisons across states a tricky business. Hence, some care must be exercised when comparing financial results between the federal and state levels and among the several states. One might look to the states as “laboratories” in which different approaches to the budget got an account.

• Please describe and differentiate among the following terms: inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes. 

Subunits of agencies could be considered as activities for which funding is targeted. For example, in a public hospital, food service, x-rays, surgery, and housekeeping. The output is a quantity of performance measure that agencies continue relying on examples of outputs, the number of clients contacted rather. Returns are the amount of action that the companies uses to rely on to determine their level of production, e.g.  customers who became economically productive.

• What is meant by the term street-level bureaucrat? How is the “street-level bureaucrat” related to the Friedrich/Finer debate that we discussed earlier in the semester?

Street- level official determines the quality of public service received by the citizens Friedrich/Finer debate is related to the degree that they look at the causes of ethical problems in the government. Legislature may victimize other politically small groups that remain without meaningful judicial protection. This would occur, for example, if a state raised the temperature in its mental health facilities with money that previously would have gone into public housing or other benefits for the poor. No doubt an administrator in charge of such a housing program would find it frustrating to see appropriations earmarked for that function shifted to upgrading conditions in the public mental hospitals. There are countless public administrative activities and programs that tend to spend more money in one neighborhood than another. Schools, streets, lighting, sanitation, building inspection, police, and fire protection are some of the leading examples

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